Scoliosis
The term scoliosis is used to describe an abnormal curvature of the spine, but it is not in itself a disease or a diagnosis. The curvature of the spine from scoliosis is from side to side and may develop as a single curve (shaped like the letter C) or as two curves (shaped like the letter S).
Scoliosis usually develops in the upper back (thoracic spine) or area between the upper back and lower back (the thoracolumbar area of the spine) It may also occur just in the lower back (lumbar spine).
Scoliosis causes and risk factors
Scoliosis can be caused by congenital, developmental or degenerative problems, but most cases of scoliosis actually have no known cause, and this is known as idiopathic scoliosis. While there are many forms of scoliosis, four of the most common ones include:
- Congenital scoliosis. This is a relatively rare form of congenital malformation of the spine. Patients with congenital scoliosis will often develop scoliotic deformities in their infancy.
- Neuromuscular scoliosis. This may occur when the spine curves to the side due to weakness of the spinal muscles or neurologic problems. This form of scoliosis is especially common for individuals who cannot walk due to their underlying neurolomuscular condition (such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy). This may also be called myopathic scoliosis.
